Introduction
Quantifiers are words or phrases that help us express the amount or quantity of something. They are essential in business English, as they allow us to communicate clearly about numbers, quantities, and degrees. Understanding how to use quantifiers correctly will help you interpret data, discuss statistics, and make precise statements, which are all crucial skills for the TOEIC test.
Explanation
Quantifiers can be used with countable and uncountable nouns. Here are some common quantifiers and how they are used:
Much: Used with uncountable nouns. Example: "We don't have much time left to complete the project."
Many: Used with countable nouns. Example: "There are many reports to review before the meeting."
A lot of / Lots of: Used with both countable and uncountable nouns. Example: "There is a lot of information in the database." / "We have lots of clients to contact."
A few: Used with countable nouns to indicate a small number. Example: "Only a few employees attended the training session."
A little: Used with uncountable nouns to indicate a small amount. Example: "We have a little time before the deadline."
Common mistakes
Confusing "much" and "many": Remember, "much" is for uncountable nouns, while "many" is for countable nouns. Incorrect: "There isn't many information." Correct: "There isn't much information."
Using "a few" with uncountable nouns: Incorrect: "We have a few time." Correct: "We have a little time."
Overusing "a lot of" in formal writing: In formal contexts, consider using more precise quantifiers like "numerous" or "several."
Tips for the TOEIC test
Pay attention to the context of the sentence to choose the correct quantifier.
Listen for quantifiers in the Listening section, especially in conversations involving data or schedules.
In the Reading section, look for clues in the surrounding text to determine if a noun is countable or uncountable.
Mini practice
Fill in the blanks with the correct quantifier: much, many, a lot of, a few, or a little.
There are _______ tasks to complete before the end of the day.
We have _______ information about the new product launch.
Only _______ people attended the seminar last week.
Answers
many
a lot of
a few