Understanding and using 'that' in different structures

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Introduction

In the TOEIC Listening & Reading test, understanding the use of the word "that" can be crucial. "That" is a versatile word in English, often used in different contexts such as a pronoun, a determiner, or a conjunction. Knowing how to correctly interpret and use "that" will help you comprehend reading passages and respond accurately to questions.

Explanation

  • As a pronoun, "that" is used to refer to a specific thing or idea previously mentioned.
    Example: The report was excellent. That surprised everyone.

  • As a determiner, "that" is used to specify a particular item or person.
    Example: That presentation was very informative.

  • As a conjunction, "that" introduces a clause, often to provide additional information.
    Example: She mentioned that the meeting was postponed.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing "that" with "which": Use "that" for essential clauses and "which" for non-essential clauses.
    Incorrect: The document, that you sent, was incomplete.
    Correct: The document that you sent was incomplete.

  • Omitting "that" in complex sentences: Sometimes learners drop "that" when it's needed for clarity.
    Incorrect: He said he would call.
    Correct: He said that he would call.

Tips for the TOEIC test

  • Pay attention to "that" in reading passages. It often introduces important information or details that might be questioned later.

  • In listening sections, listen for "that" to understand relationships between ideas or events.

  • Practice distinguishing between "that" and "which" to avoid common errors in sentence structure questions.

Mini practice

Fill in the blanks with the correct use of "that":

  • The manager confirmed that the new policy would start next month.

  • That report needs to be submitted by Friday.

  • The decision that was made yesterday will affect the entire department.

Answers

  • that

  • That

  • that