Introduction
Understanding the sequence of actions is crucial for the TOEIC Listening & Reading test, especially in parts where you need to comprehend instructions or narratives. Knowing the order in which events happen helps you follow conversations and understand texts accurately.
Explanation
In English, we often use specific words and phrases to indicate the sequence of actions. Here are some common ones:
First, then, next, after that, finally: These words help to show the order of events.
Example: "First, we will review the report. Then, we will discuss the findings."
Before and after: These words indicate the relative timing of two actions.
Example: "Please submit your expense report before you leave for the day."
When and while: These words are used to show actions happening at the same time.
Example: "When the meeting starts, please turn off your phones."
Common mistakes
Confusing "before" and "after": Remember, "before" means earlier in time, and "after" means later.
Incorrect: "After you leave, call me." (This implies calling before leaving.)
Correct: "Before you leave, call me."
Misplacing sequence words: Sequence words should clearly indicate the order of actions.
Incorrect: "We will have lunch. First, we will finish the presentation."
Correct: "First, we will finish the presentation. Then, we will have lunch."
Tips for the TOEIC test
Look for sequence words in the text or audio to help you understand the order of events.
Pay attention to time indicators like dates or times, which can also suggest a sequence.
Practice listening for these words in conversations or instructions to improve comprehension.
Mini practice
Fill in the blanks with the correct sequence word: first, then, next, after that, finally.
________, we will have a team meeting to discuss the project goals.
Complete the survey, ________ submit it to the HR department.
The CEO will speak at the conference. ________, there will be a Q&A session.
Answers:
First
then
After that