Les auxiliaires au passé
Voici un rappel des auxiliaires utilisés pour conjuguer au passé.
Abréviations : BV pour base verbale (Ex. : go), PP pour participe passé (Ex. : gone) et V pour verbe.
A. Prétérit
• Phrase affirmative : pas d’auxiliaire, -ed ou verbe irrégulier
Ex. : They ate at 6.30 P.M.
Ils ont mangé à 18h30.
• Question : did + BV
Ex. : Did they eat at 6.30 P.M.?
• Phrase négative : didn’t + BV
Ex. : They didn’t eat at 6.30 P.M.
B. Passé continu
• Phrase affirmative : was/were + V-ing
Ex. : Jennifer was working this morning.
Jennifer travaillait ce matin.
• Question : was/were + V-ing
Ex. : Was Jennifer working this morning?
• Phrase négative : wasn’t/weren’t + V-ing
Ex. : Jennifer wasn’t working this morning.
C. Present perfect*
• Phrase affirmative : has/have + PP
Ex. : Cho has finished the report.
Cho a terminé le rapport.
• Question : has/have + PP
Ex. : Has Cho finished the report?
• Phrase négative : hasn’t/haven’t + PP
Ex. : Cho hasn’t finished the report.
* Le present perfect sert aussi à exprimer le présent.
Ex. : I have lived here for two years.
Ça fait deux ans que j’habite ici.
D. Present perfect continu
• Phrase affirmative : has/have + been + V-ing
Ex. : He has been checking it all day.
Il a passé toute la journée à le vérifier.
• Question : has/have + been + V-ing
Ex. : Has he been checking it all day?
• Phrase négative : hasn’t/haven’t + been + V-ing
Ex. : He hasn’t been checking it all day.
E. Past perfect
• Phrase affirmative : had + PP
Ex. : He had gone by the time I arrived.
Il était parti quand je suis arrivé.
• Question : had + PP
Ex. : Had he gone by the time I arrived?
• Phrase négative : hadn’t + PP
Ex. : He hadn’t gone by the time I arrived.
F. Present perfect continu
• Phrase affirmative : had + been + V-ing
Ex. : She had been working for months when they cancelled the project.
Cela faisait des mois qu’elle travaillait quand on a annulé le projet.
• Question : had + been + V-ing
Ex. : Had she been working for months when they cancelled the project?
• Phrase négative : hadn’t + been + V-ing
Ex. : She hadn’t been working for months when they cancelled the project.